• Causes expressions:

• When explaining the causes of not being invited to a party, you can use various language structures to provide reasons or explanations. Here are some key rules and uses:
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• "Due to": Use this expression to indicate the reason or cause of something.
• Example: "The flight was delayed due to bad weather."
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• "Because (of)": This expression introduces the cause that directly led to the effect.
• Example: "He missed the train because of heavy traffic."
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• "Since": Use "since" to indicate a cause that happened in the past and is still relevant in the present.
• Example: "Since she forgot her umbrella, she got wet in the rain."
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• "As a result of": This expression emphasizes the consequence or effect that occurred because of a specific cause.
• Example: "As a result of their hard work, they achieved success."
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Use cause-and-effect expressions: These expressions help establish a connection between the cause and the consequence. For example, you can say, "I think I wasn't invited because I accidentally offended the host last week."

Use causal conjunctions: Causal conjunctions such as "because," "since," "as," or "due to" can be used to introduce the cause in a sentence. For example, "I wasn't invited to the party because I forgot to confirm.

Express personal speculations: In some cases, you may need to express your own speculations or assumptions about the cause. Use phrases like "I believe," "I think," or "I suspect" to convey your thoughts. For example, "I suspect I wasn't invited because they wanted to keep the guest list small."

Effect expressions:

When explaining the consequences of not being invited to a party, you can discuss the impact or results of the situation. Here are some rules and uses to consider:

"Consequently": Use "consequently" to show the result or consequence of a particular cause.

Example: "He missed his flight, and consequently, he had to reschedule his trip."

"Therefore": Use "therefore" to indicate a logical result or conclusion based on a cause.

Example: "The roads were blocked, and therefore, we had to find an alternate route."

"Thus": This expression indicates a direct or expected consequence.

Example: "They won the competition, thus proving their talent."

"As a result": Use this expression to state the effect that occurred due to a specific cause.

Example: "The company faced financial losses, and as a result, they had to lay off employees."

“So”: can be used to introduce a result or consequence clause.

Example: “She practiced diligently, so that she could master the piano piece.”

Use language to express emotions: Convey your feelings or reactions to the consequence of not being invited. For example, "I feel disappointed that I'm not included in the party."

Discuss social implications: Talk about how not being invited may affect your social relationships or interactions. For example, "Not being invited to the party might strain our friendship."

Consider alternative plans: If you're not invited to a party, you may need to make alternative plans or find other ways to spend your time. Discuss these alternative options or activities. For example, "Since I'm not invited, I'll make plans to hang out with some other friends.

Cause and effect expressions

Position in a Sentence:

At the beginning: Cause and effect expressions can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the cause or effect.

Example: "Due to bad weather, the flight was delayed."

In the middle: Cause and effect expressions can also be used in the middle of a sentence, separating the cause and effect clauses.

Example: "He missed the train because of heavy traffic, resulting in a delay."

At the end: Cause and effect expressions can be placed at the end of a sentence to provide a concluding statement.

Example: "She got wet in the rain since she forgot her umbrella."

Punctuation:

With comma: In most cases, cause and effect expressions are separated from the main clause with a comma.

Example: "As a result of their hard work, they achieved success."

Without comma: Sometimes, cause and effect expressions are not followed by a comma when they are short and closely connected to the main clause.

Example: "He missed his flight and consequently had to reschedule his trip."

Activity

1. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with the appropriate cause-effect expression: In conclusion, consequently, as a result, therefore, thus.

2. Complete the sentences: